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Listen my dudes Ancient Egypt existed for a really fuckass long time. Literally just Pharaonic civilization lasted 3,000 years. That’s not even including predynastic civilization and Roman rule. If you lump that in you’re looking at more like… 5,000 years.

Like. If you want a comparison of how long that is: THE YEAR IS CURRENTLY 2018. TWO THOUSAND. TWO-THIRDS OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN PHARAONIC CIVILIZATION HAVE HAPPENED SINCE THE ‘BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST’

We comparatively just entered the Third Intermediate Period. The Greeks will not take over for another 700~ years. Cleopatra will not be born until the year 2931.

It’s a really long time guys.

Anyway look. Listen. I sat my ass down and wrote out a timeline of “when shit happened if you started at 1AD” because I know backwards numbers are hard to process but here’s an abridged version.

If the first Egyptian Pharaoh came to power in 1AD then…

300: step pyramid built
450: Great Pyramid at Giza built
815: Pepi II dies and civil war breaks out
950: Egypt re-unified
1350: Middle Kingdom ends
1450: New Kingdom begins
1520: Hatshepsut is on the throne
1650: Ahkenaten switches to monotheistic religion and builds a new city
1680: Tutankhamun dies
1720: Ramesses II ‘the great’ ascends to the throne
1740: World’s first peace treaty signed
1790: Ramesses II dies leaving way too many children
1920: Egypt breaks into 2 states again

And now we get to ~~~~the future~~~~. If we started at 1AD all of this stuff hasn’t happened yet

2050: Briefly re-united as a single state
2180: Civil war
2250: Nubian kings take over
2335: Assyrian conquest
2665: Alexander the Great conquers Egypt
2930: Cleopatra VII born
2970: Cleopatra VII dies. Egypt falls to Rome. Fin.

And that’s just starting with the Pharaohs. If you wanted to start with Predynastic Egypt, you can go ahead and ADD ONE THOUSAND YEARS to all of those dates

I hate that this is still getting notes but that it’s getting notes *without the timeline addition* like c’mon, man. I had to do MATHS for this. I DID MATHS FOR YOU PEOPLE AND ALL I GOT WAS A BUNCH OF RACISTS

Reblogged from headspace-hotel  866 notes

headspace-hotel:

headspace-hotel:

headspace-hotel:

headspace-hotel:

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Pawpaw trees! I went down a little used trail and found some even bigger pawpaw groves. Pawpaws grow in clonal colonies, so the slender trunks in the third pic are most likely all the same pawpaw tree (like Pando, but on a smaller scale).

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They need shade to sprout, but they flower and make fruit only when the sunbeams can touch them! They often form splendid little groves in areas where a large tree was cut down or felled in a storm.

Pawpaws are an example of a tree that thrives best with human caretakers. When the canopy closes up and the forest floor becomes dark and shady, the pawpaw trees no longer flower and make fruit. Cutting an occasional tree and/or managing the forest as a more open woodland creates good conditions for lots of pawpaw.

Which makes good conditions for other life! The pawpaw groves were filled with frolicking zebra swallowtail butterflies.

The zebra swallowtail butterfly’s caterpillars can only eat the leaves of the pawpaw, much like monarch caterpillars need milkweed! There were many of them flying around in the sunlight.

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…i tried, okay

There were loads of wasps, but they didn’t bother me at all, they were too busy with their wasp business. The flies were numerous too—which makes sense; pawpaws need flies to pollinate their flowers! I saw tons of electric green tiger beetles and big tiger swallowtail butterflies. I hope the big beasts like elk and bison will be able to return soon…

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I also saw other cool plants like Trilliums, violets, ferns, some BIG woodsorrel, and mayapples (the big, shiny, lobed circular leaves in the fourth picture).

The forest shows many signs of being adapted to human presence and caretaking! All along the trails, blackberry brambles are in bloom, and small trees are covered in wild grapevines. Pawpaws dominate the understory, along with occasional red mulberries. The forest is full of plants that make food, and they all depend on a little disturbance to thrive—whether that is trails being cut through the woods, controlled burns creating open understory and meadows, or the occasional cutting of a tree to allow more sun.

All of these things happen naturally, but humans can do them intentionally and with care and purpose, which is what makes us such a cool species.

Do you want to see the site of a controlled burn?

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That bigger tree’s bark has been a little scorched, but it will be totally fine. However, the smaller plants and dead brush have been killed and/or cleared out by low creeping fire.

As you can see, the leaf layer isn’t gone, just scorched and broken up a little bit. Unlike tilling the ground or driving over it with heavy machinery, the soil (and the mycorrhizal network, I presume) is practically unharmed.

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The mayapples are already springing back up, and a few baby elms as well. No sign of wintercreeper, Amur honeysuckle, or tree-of-heaven! The burning makes the ground fertile and ready for new growth by releasing nutrients immediately.

Importantly, this also uses up the fuel that a bigger, more dangerous wildfire could use to spread all throughout the forest. Sad for the little trees that got burned up, but that’s a very quick way to go, on tree timescales…

OMG I just looked up mayapples on Wikipedia because I didn’t know much about them

Mayapple plants are toxic, except that the fruits are edible once they turn yellow! So they produce food as well!

Apparently, a common name for them is “wild mandrake.” That explains what Mamaw was talking about when she mentioned mandrakes as an important plant she remembered from growing up in the mountains…

The coolest part is that Mayapples are obligately dependent on the mycorrhizal network. This means that Mayapples springing up after a controlled burn confirms that burning doesn’t harm the mycorrhizal network! Perhaps even that burning transmits nutrients to the mycorrhizal network straightaway, since Mayapples seem to have popped up first and very enthusiastically?

Of course, poisonous plants are often good in small, careful and judicious doses as medicines, and this is why Mayapple is used as an emetic, to remove warts, to get rid of parasitic worms, and coolest of all, chemicals found in it have been made into anti-cancer drugs!

Reblogged from fleauwers  66,586 notes
istandonsnowpiles:
“istandonsnowpiles:
“What’s up late night folks? Here’s an eerie shot I took down a pitch black road in the middle of the night
”
Extracting from the original tags: this is an 8 minute exposure — it was indeed pitch black
”

istandonsnowpiles:

istandonsnowpiles:

What’s up late night folks? Here’s an eerie shot I took down a pitch black road in the middle of the night

Extracting from the original tags: this is an 8 minute exposure — it was indeed pitch black

Reblogged from jeananasartblog  17,804 notes